Change in blood sugar category

“Impact of the AWDPP on blood sugar categories indicative of diabetes-risk”

The evaluation assessed how average blood sugar levels changed over 12 months and aligned with recognised categories indicative of diabetes-risk ​(26)​ – healthy, prediabetes, and diabetes. It also examined whether levels worsened (diabetes) or remained stable/improved (prediabetes or healthy). Relative risk was then calculated to compare the likelihood of these outcomes between groups. 

Results are presented as modelled proportions of people whose 12-month blood sugar fell into each category (see Table 3), with a breakdown by step provided in the Appendix. Findings are summarised below: 

• Healthy blood sugar levels: At 12 months, 23% of the treatment group had healthy blood sugar versus 28% in the comparison group (-5%, p = 0.35). This meant the comparison group was 1.2 times more likely to have healthy blood sugar levels, indicating the AWDPP did not increase the likelihood of returning to normal blood sugar 
• Prediabetes blood sugar levels: The treatment group was 1.6 times more likely to maintain prediabetic blood sugar levels at 12 months, with 68% remaining in the prediabetes range compared with 42% in the comparison group (26%, p < 0.05), demonstrating the programme’s effectiveness in preventing progression to type 2 diabetes 
• Diabetes blood sugar levels: At 12 months, 4% of the treatment group had diabetes-range blood sugar compared with 26% in the comparison group, a significant difference of -23% (p < 0.05). The comparison group was 6.5 times more likely to have diabetic blood sugar levels, suggesting that the AWDPP substantially reduced progression to diabetes-range blood sugar levels 
• Blood sugar category not worsened: Over 12 months, 96% of the treatment group did not worsen their blood sugar category, compared with 74% of the comparison group, a significant difference of 23% (p < 0.05). The treatment group was 1.3 times more likely to maintain or improve their blood sugar status, highlighting the effectiveness of the AWDPP 

Table 3. Modelled proportions and group differences in blood sugar categories at 12 months