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Public Health Outcomes Framework Reporting Tool Technical Information

This guidance is associated with:

Table of contents:

Geography

Some indicators are split into 2011 urban and rural classification.  Settlements that fall outside of more than 10,000 resident population are categorised as rural.

All the data presented in this reporting tool are for Wales residents, and the geographies within the 7 Welsh Local Health Boards and 22 Local Authority areas.  

Data sources & indicators

National Survey for Wales

The NSfW involves around 12,000 people each year and covers a broad range of topics. The main purpose is to provide information on the views and behaviours of adults in Wales.

Data presented in the tool is by financial year, although presented in the trend tab, direct comparisons over time are not possible due to the significant change in methodology each year. Additionally, not all questions were asked during each survey period. 

Useful links:

Patient Episode Database for Wales

The Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) comprises records of all episodes of inpatient and day case activity in NHS Wales hospitals. Hospital activity for Welsh residents treated in other UK nations (primarily England) is also included.  The data is collected and coded at each hospital. The records are then electronically transferred to Digital Health Care in Wales, who validate and merge into the main database.

From 2019/20 onward, there was a reduction in total emergency admissions due to the Covid-19 pandemic.  This should be given due consideration when analysing trends in hip fracture admissions among older people.

Please note that there is an issue with diagnostic coding in several health boards. Table 1 illustrates how the missing codes are distributed by financial year and health board. Counts of specific diagnoses will be underestimated, but to an unknown extent, therefore caution should be exercised when interpreting trends for these health boards. Additionally, where the percentage of missing diagnoses is over 10%, the value has been suppressed.

Table 1 Missing diagnostic codes within trauma and orthopaedics, emergency admissions (excluding transfers), persons aged 65+, by area and financial year

Area Financial Year Missing Records
Wales 2019/20 10.1%
Wales 2023/24 14.0%
Wales 2024/25 18.7%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2017/18 20.0%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2018/19 15.2%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2019/20 17.1%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2021/22 11.8%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2022/23 15.8%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2023/24 21.9%
Aneurin Bevan UHB 2024/25 20.6%
Betsi Cadwaladr UHB 2023/24 14.1%
Betsi Cadwaladr UHB 2024/25 35.4%
Cardiff and Vale UHB 2011/12 24.6%
Cardiff and Vale UHB 2022/23 21.0%
Cardiff and Vale UHB 2023/24 18.3%
Cardiff and Vale UHB 2024/25 15.3%
Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB 2019/20 15.4%
Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB 2022/23 10.3%
Hywel Dda UHB 2017/18 21.4%
Hywel Dda UHB 2019/20 21.0%
Hywel Dda UHB 2020/21 16.0%
Swansea Bay UHB 2022/23 13.9%
Swansea Bay UHB 2023/24 15.9%
Swansea Bay UHB  2024/25 22.6%
Blaenau Gwent 2017/18 11.3%
Blaenau Gwent 2018/19 17.1%
Blaenau Gwent 2019/20 15.0%
Blaenau Gwent 2021/22 11.0%
Blaenau Gwent 2022/23 12.6%
Blaenau Gwent 2023/24 27.7%
Blaenau Gwent 2024/25 26.1%
Caerphilly 2017/18 17.1%
Caerphilly 2018/19 10.1%
Caerphilly 2019/20 16.3%
Caerphilly 2022/23 12.3%
Caerphilly 2023/24 15.1%
Caerphilly 2024/25 16.3%
Cardiff 2011/12 25.8%
Cardiff  2022/23 23.0%
Cardiff  2023/24 20.0%
Cardiff  2024/25 16.6%
Carmarthenshire 2017/18 38.0%
Carmarthenshire  2018/19 18.8%
Carmarthenshire  2019/20 37.1%
Carmarthenshire  2020/21 20.4%
Carmarthenshire  2023/24 15.5%
Carmarthenshire  2024/25 10.0%
Ceredigion 2017/18 13.1%
Ceredigion 2019/20 18.5%
Ceredigion 2020/21 26.9%
Conwy 2023/24 19.1%
Conwy 2024/25 43.8%
Denbighshire 2023/24 12.5%
Denbighshire 2024/25 36.8%
Flintshire 2023/24 10.5%
Flintshire 2024/25 26.4%
Gwynedd 2023/24 16.7%
Gwynedd  2024/25 36.1%
Isle of Anglesey 2009/10 10.9%
Isle of Anglesey 2023/24 18.3%
Isle of Anglesey 2024/25 42.0%
Merthyr Tydfil 2011/12 11.1%
Merthyr Tydfil 2019/20 20.3%
Monmouthshire 2016/17 10.1%
Isle of Anglesey 2017/18 17.5%
Isle of Anglesey 2018/19 15.2%
Isle of Anglesey 2019/20 17.8%
Isle of Anglesey 2021/22 16.3%
Isle of Anglesey 2022/23 17.9%
Isle of Anglesey 2023/24 27.8%
Isle of Anglesey 2024/25 24.2%
Neath Port Talbot 2022/23 15.1%
Neath Port Talbot 2023/24 15.8%
Neath Port Talbot 2024/25 26.8%
Newport 2016/17 12.5%
Newport 2017/18 32.9%
Newport 2018/19 17.7%
Newport 2019/20 18.5%
Newport 2021/22 11.5%
Newport 2022/23 17.9%
Newport 2023/24 20.3%
Newport 2024/25 16.3%
Rhondda Cynon Taf 2019/20 23.7%
Rhondda Cynon Taf 2022/23 13.7%
Swansea 2022/23 13.1%
Swansea 2023/24 15.9%
Swansea 2024/25 20.0%
Torfaen 2016/17 10.6%
Torfaen 2017/18 16.9%
Torfaen 2018/19 18.6%
Torfaen 2019/20 17.5%
Torfaen 2021/22 12.7%
Torfaen 2022/23 18.6%
Torfaen 2023/24 25.5%
Torfaen 2024/25 25.5%
Vale of Glamorgan 2011/12 21.6%
Vale of Glamorgan 2022/23 17.1%
Vale of Glamorgan 2023/24 14.8%
Vale of Glamorgan 2024/25 12.8%
Wrexham 2024/25 26.1%

Figure 1 Missing diagnostic codes within trauma and orthopaedics, emergency admissions (excluding transfers), percentage, Wales, 2009/10 to 2024/25

Figure 1 Missing diagnostic codes within trauma and orthopaedics, emergency admissions (excluding transfers), percentage, Wales, 2009/10 to 2024/25

Useful links:

Life expectancy (LE)/ Healthy life expectancy (HLE) at birth

Life expectancy (LE) at birth is an estimate of the average number of years that newborn babies could expect to live, assuming that current mortality rates for the area in which they were born applied throughout their lives.  It is calculated using the abridged life table method which is the preferred method of the Office for National Statistics (ONS).  As all LE calculations are based on current mortality rates, average life expectancy will change over the course of a lifetime irrespective of other factors.  These should therefore be considered as comparative population measures of mortality during a period of time rather than as predictions of actual individual life expectancy.

Healthy life expectancy (HLE) at birth is an estimate of the average number of years that newborn babies could expect to live in good health, assuming that current mortality rates and levels of good health for the area in which they were born applied throughout their lives.  Healthy Life Expectancy is calculated using the Sullivan method which is the preferred method of the ONS for calculating healthy life expectancy at birth.  Its calculation involves combining health status data from the Annual Population Survey (APS) and Census with the mortality and population data used for LE. ‘Healthy’ is judged to be a response of very good or good to the APS question “How is your health in general; would you say it was … Very Good, Good, Fair, Bad, Very Bad”.

Within the current version of the Public Health Outcomes Framework reporting tool, the following work is presented:

More information is available:

Annual Population Survey (APS), ONS

The APS is a continuous household survey covering the UK, with topics including employment and unemployment, as well as housing, ethnicity, religion, health and education. Its purpose is to provide information on the UK labour market. The APS is used to estimate the following proportions: 

  • Labour market status of those in full-time education; 
  • Labour market status of those in part-time education; 
  • Full-time and part-time employment of those in Work Based Learning, who are employed; 
  • Employer sponsored ‘off-the-job’ training for those in employment.  

The number of survey respondents has generally fallen across the UK since 2014. The number of respondents across Wales in 2024 was around 15,200 people, compared with around 36,000 in 2014. 

Figure 2 APS survey respondents over time, count, Wales, 2014 to 2024

Figure 2 APS survey respondents over time, count, Wales, 2014 to 2024

Since the last update of this indicator, data quality issues have come to light with the Annual Population Survey. As a result, the Office for National Statistics has removed the accredited official statistics status from outputs based on this survey. This primarily affects data at lower geographic levels, such as local authorities and health boards. Caution should be taken when interpreting results at those levels. Further information on the change in status can be found via the correspondence regarding the suspension of APS estimates’ accredited status.

Although presented in the trend tab, direct comparisons over time are not possible due to the change in methodology between 2020 and 2023. This is illustrated in the sectioning of the trend chart periods by survey methodology.

Useful links:

Welsh Government Lifelong Learning Wales Record (LLWR)

The LLWR is used to estimate the following proportion:

• Labour market status of those engaged in Work Based Learning.

These proportions are then applied to the numbers known to be in education, work-based learning and the total population to derive estimates of participation by education and employment.  For Work Based Learners, the labour market status at the start of the learning programme collected via the LLWR is used with the addition of some APS data to estimate the proportions in full-time and part-time employment.

As the data comes from a survey, the results are sample-based estimates and are therefore subject to differing degrees of sampling variability, i.e. the true value for any measure lies in a differing range about the estimated value.

Data is published annually.  The dataset can be accessed via Stats Wales.

Conception statistics (ONS)

Conception statistics are estimates of all pregnancies of women usually resident in England and Wales.  Figures are derived from maternity, birth and abortion notifications. As there are legal requirement to record this data, it is one of the most reliable data sources available. This dataset combined with the ONS mid-year population estimates is used to estimate conception rates per 1,000 females (15-17 year olds) in Wales.

Useful links:

Public Health Mortality

Public Health Mortality (PHM) is a dataset containing each individual death of a resident that is registered in the particular year. Individual records for death registrations are sent on a weekly basis from the Registrars’ offices across England and Wales to the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The ONS collates and validates the data. The data are based on the underlying cause of death e.g. if an individual dies from pneumonia but had been made vulnerable to that disease by end-stage cancer, then cancer (rather than pneumonia) is recorded as the underlying cause of death.

There have been revisions to the manner in which the death certificates are translated by the ONS into International Classification of Diseases codes (10th revision). These changes mean that unrevised data are not comparable across years. The main change relates to the rules that govern which cause of death detailed on the death certificate is selected as the underlying cause. Comparability ratios have not been used in these analyses and therefore caution should be exercised when interpreting trends.

Cause of death is based on the medical certificate of cause of death. This is completed by the certifying doctor for about three quarters of deaths and by a coroner for the remainder. Most of the deaths certified by a coroner do not involve an inquest or any suspicion of violence, but are referred to the coroner because they were sudden and unexpected, or because there was no doctor in attendance during the deceased’s last illness. There will be a long delay in registering a small number of deaths for which a coroner’s ruling is required e.g. suicide, homicide, undetermined intent.

Please note that suicides have been counted by date of registration. There is a known delay between date of occurrence and the date of registration. Please be aware that data is likely to be incomplete, particularly for the most recent periods.  See ONS for more information: Impact of registration delays on mortality statistics in England and Wales – Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

Hazards and licences data collection, Welsh Government (WG)

This dataset provides information on the condition of residential properties assessed by local authorities under the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS), including the number of hazards by hazard type, dwelling and category. Category 1 hazards are considered high risk and where a condition is classified as Category 1, the local authority has a duty to take the appropriate enforcement action. Category 2 hazards are lower risk, and local authorities may take enforcement action. Assessments may be carried out for a number of reasons. For example, an HHSRS assessment is carried out when licensing a house in multiple occupation or when a complaint about a property is received from the occupier or a neighbour. Whilst it can cover all residential premises, it is more commonly used to assess standards in private rented housing.  Dwellings can be assessed more than once during each reporting period. 

The quality of housing indicator is defined as the percentage of assessments which are free from category 1 hazards according to the Housing Health and Safety rating system hazards.  It does not cover all dwellings but just those that are assessed by local authorities.

Note that, due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, data on housing hazards and licences in Wales for 2019-20 were not collected.

Occasionally a local authority is unable to provide data for a variety of reasons. The table below lists instances of this:

Data Collection Period Area Reason for missing data Result
2023 – 2024 Neath Port Talbot   2021 – 2022 data used as an estimate
2022 – 2023 Neath Port Talbot   2021 – 2022 data used as an estimate
2022 – 2023 Gwynedd and Isle of Anglesey   Resubmitted data due to corrections
2021 – 2022 Pembrokeshire   2020 – 2021 data used as an estimate
2020 – 2021 Wales COVID-19 pandemic Fewer inspections carried out; higher-risk premises prioritised
2019 – 2020 Wales COVID-19 pandemic No data collected
2018 – 2019 Neath Port Talbot   Estimated figure calculated based on previous 3 years
2017 – 2018 Cardiff   2016 – 2017 data used as an estimate
2016 – 2017 Wrexham and Denbighshire Changes to data recording systems 2015 – 2016 data used as an estimate
2014 – 2015 Flintshire   2013 – 2014 data used as an estimate

Useful links:

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) & UK Air Information Resource (AIR)

Air Quality Exposure Indicators – average NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations across local authority areas and health board areas, derived from modelled data for each square kilometre in Wales, measured in µg/m3 (DEFRA data).

Each year the UK Government’s Pollution Climate Mapping (PCM) model calculates average pollutant concentrations for each square kilometre of the UK. Each year the Pollution Climate Model (PCM) which underpin the background maps is refined and improved (to account for latest available science and understanding e.g. changes in emissions factors, improved activity data etc.). These method changes are usually only applied in the latest year’s figures.  

The model is calibrated against measurements taken from the UK’s national air quality monitoring network.  The Welsh Government has used this published data to assign a concentration of NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to each residential dwelling in Wales based on which square kilometre of Wales it sits in. 

For each census output area (statistical geographic units comprising around 150 properties), the pollutant concentrations associated with each dwelling within it were averaged to give an average NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration across the census output area.

The quality of air we breathe indicator in this tool is defined as the annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentration levels at residential dwelling locations (µg/m³).

Useful links:

National Community Child Health Database (NCCHD)

The National Community Child Health Database (NCCHD) includes details relating to maternal and child health related indicators such as births, immunisation screening, safeguarding children and breastfeeding.    

Each of the seven health boards in Wales has a Child Health System database which they manage locally. Anonymised records for all children born, resident or treated in Wales and born after 1987 are collated from each of the local databases each quarter to create the NCCHD.

The statistics relate to live births born to Welsh residents during the relevant calendar year. The analyses are for live births only and do not include stillbirths. Births occurring in Wales (whether to Welsh or non-Welsh residents) can also be counted by the NCCHD but only Welsh residents are included in these statistics.

The ‘low birth weight’ and ‘breastfeeding at 10 days’ indicators are created using this dataset.

Breastfeeding data has been suppressed if it is less than 80% complete.  

To note breastfeeding also includes chestfeeding.

School Health Research Network (SHRN)

The School Health Research Network (SHRN) is a partnership between Welsh Government, Public Health Wales, and Cardiff University established in 2013. They aim to improve young people’s health and wellbeing in Wales by working with schools in both primary and secondary education to generate and use good quality evidence for health improvement. This includes surveys, capturing key health and wellbeing metrics. These metrics are referenced in many national policies and strategies, including the Whole School Approach to Mental Health and Wellbeing (2021) and Estyn’s Healthy and Happy Report (2019).

Since 2017, all mainstream secondary schools in Wales have become registered SHRN members with over 90% of schools completing SHRN’s Student Health and Wellbeing Survey in 2021/22.

The definition for the healthy weight indicator has changed to only include children reporting a ‘healthy range’ BMI category. The previous definition included children reporting either ‘underweight’ or ‘healthy range’ BMI categories. The indicator is therefore not comparable to data published in the 2021 SHRN national report. Calculation of healthy weight indicator:
Characteristic ‘Healthy’ BMI range
11 year old, male >=15.15 to <20.85
11 year old, female >=15.30 to <21.12
12 year old, male >=15.59 to <21.54
12 year old, female >=15.91 to <22.05
13 year old, male >=16.11 to <22.24
13 year old, female >=16.55 to <22.90
14 year old, male >=16.68 to <22.95
14 year old, female >=17.16 to <23.60
15 year old, male >=17.26 to <23.59
15 year old, female >=17.68 to <24.13
16 year old, male >=17.79 to <24.18
16 year old, female >=18.08 to <24.53

Maternity Indicator Data set (MIds)

Statistics on smoking at birth are limited by the way in which the data is collected.  If carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring is not available, data reliability is dependent on the mother self-reporting accurate information. CO monitoring has largely been suspended since the COVID-19 pandemic began, so data for 2020 and 2021 is mainly self-reported.

E-Cigarette use should not be recorded in this data item and would not be detected by a CO monitor; however, in practice some mothers may self-report as a smoker if they use e-cigarettes and be incorrectly recorded as a smoker.  Likewise, some mothers who do smoke may self-report as a non-smoker and be incorrectly recorded as a non-smoker. 

In 2021, 82% of records had valid data recorded at the Wales level.   This was largely due to Hywel Dda health board not supplying any smoking at birth data, while there was only 68% complete data for Cwm Taf Morgannwg.  There were also low levels of completeness in 2020 for Hywel Dda (30%), Cwm Taf Morgannwg (70%) and Powys (76%).  However, in all years prior to 2020, more than 90% of records had valid data for smoking status at birth, across nearly all health boards.

Full details of every data item available on both the Maternity Indicators dataset and National Community Child Health Database are available through the NWIS Data Dictionary.

More detailed information on the sources of data and analyses in this statistical release are provided in the quality report.

Useful links:

Registration and Population Interaction Database (RAPID)

The Registration and Population Interactive Database (RAPID) provides a single coherent view of citizens’ interactions with Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) and HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) within a tax year for the UK. RAPID provides a basis for analyses of children, the family unit, and gross personal incomes (benefits/tax credits, employment, self-employment, occupational pensions) from which estimates of the number of children in low income families can be derived calibrated to HBAI regional estimates on Absolute and Relative definitions.

The children in poverty indicator presented in PHOF uses relative low income, which measures the number and proportion of children (aged 0-15) in households below 60 per cent of the UK average income, before housing costs are paid. Please note that this differs from the Wellbeing of Future Generations national indicator which measures the proportion of children living in poverty after housing costs are paid. Percentages are calculated using ONS mid-year population estimates.

Basing the indicator on income “before housing costs” may understate poverty levels compared to “after housing costs”, however, the latter data are not currently available at subnational level.

Data for financial years 2020/21, 2021/22 and 2022/23 have been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Following concerns about the quality of 2020/21 estimates, these have been suppressed in the PHOF dashboard. 

From the June 2025 publication onwards, figures are calibrated to single-year Households Below Average Income (HBAI) UK estimates, replacing the previous approach using two- or three-year averages. This change results in a revised back-series and means the data is not directly comparable with earlier publications.

Further information on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these statistics can be found in the children in low income technical report.

COVER – National childhood immunisation uptake data

Data is received from the preventable disease programme and communicable disease surveillance centre. The number of children who received the scheduled vaccinations is divided by the number of children aged 4 multiplied by 100. This measure is calculated using appropriate booster immunisation or final course doses. Figures are calculated for children living and resident in Wales as at the end of March in each year.

Useful links:

  • Latest quarterly data report.
  • Immunisation and vaccines resource page.

NHS Wales Dental Epidemiological Programme 

The Dental Epidemiology Programme for Wales measures the extent, severity and impact of dental disease for Year 1 children (5-year-olds), Year 7 children (12-year-olds) and adult groups living across Wales.

Public Health Wales is responsible for the coordination of the Dental Epidemiology Programme for Wales. We are responsible for the design, conduct and delivery of the programme, working alongside the Welsh Oral Health Information Unit. The Community Dental Services in every health board across Wales participate in the programme. 

Dental caries experience (d3mft) was defined as one or more teeth with visually obvious dentinal decay (d3t); a tooth judged to have been extracted due to caries (mt); or a tooth with a restoration (ft). The 2022/23 inspection was the first since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Children examined as part of this inspection were born in the 2016/17 academic year and so would have been two-to-three years of age in March 2020. To fully assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Wales, another inspection of school year one children is recommended for the academic year 2024/25. 

For 2022-23 insufficient examinations were conducted in Ceredigion County Council area of Hywel Dda University Health Board and therefore estimates for these areas are not available for this period. Estimates for Wales for this period do not include Ceredigion County Council area and should be interpreted cautiously.

Other key data sources

Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 (WIMD) (used to calculate fifths of deprivations).  It is the Welsh Government’s official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in Wales.  It is made up of eight separate domains/types of deprivation.

ONS Mid-year estimates (MYE) are the official source of population sizes, produced annually, covering populations of local authorities, counties, regions and countries of the UK by age and sex.  This data source is used as the denominator when calculating crude and age-standardised rates.

Indicator changes

Table 1 Indicator changes responding to user input.
Date of change Indicator name Previous description New description Reason for the change
12th July 2024 Children living in poverty Children living in poverty after housing costs Children living in poverty before housing costs Following user feedback on the usability of the data. We’re now able to show data at local authority and health board breakdowns.
12th July 2024 Adolescents of healthy weight Percentage of children reporting either ‘underweight’ or ‘healthy range’ BMI categories. Percentage of children reporting a ‘healthy range’ BMI category Following user feedback that it wasn’t appropriate to include ‘underweight’ BMI category data.

Interpretation guide

Please find guidance on how to interpret the following terms used in the tool:

  • Confidence intervals show the natural variation that would be expected around a rate.  The wider the confidence interval, the more the rate would be expected to vary over time by chance alone.  If the confidence intervals are relatively wide, this makes it harder to draw conclusions about the difference in rate between area X and area Y, or the change in area X over time. The size of the confidence interval is dependent on the number of events occurring and the size of the population from which the events came. Generally speaking, rates based on small numbers of events and small populations are likely to have wider confidence intervals, indicating greater uncertainty. Meanwhile, rates based on large populations are likely to have narrower confidence intervals, indicating greater precision. In the Public Health Outcomes Framework reporting tool, we use 95 per cent confidence intervals. This represents a range of values that we can be 95 per cent confident contains the ‘true’ underlying rate within the population.  
  • Comparisons are often made between two or more estimates, for example between different areas or time periods (Figure 1).  In such cases, we need to test whether the differences are ‘statistically significant’, i.e. unlikely to be due to the play of chance alone. There are different ways of testing for statistical significance: 1. Comparing the confidence intervals of the estimates to see if they overlap. Non-overlapping confidence intervals are considered to be statistically significantly different (Figure 1b). Whilst it is safe to assume that non-overlapping confidence intervals indicate a statistically significant difference, overlapping confidence intervals are inconclusive (Figure 1c) and would require a further statistical test as described in point 2 below.2. Calculating the ratio of the two estimates, or the difference between them, and constructing a test or confidence interval around that figure. Such methods are not covered in this technical guide, but can be found in a standard textbook. 3. Observing whether the confidence interval of the local area estimate (e.g. Carmarthenshire) touches the estimate for Wales (Figure 1a), which is treated as a ‘Target’ value.  This is the chosen method for establishing statistical significance within the ‘Comparison table’ section of the PHOF reporting tool, due to being relatively simple to calculate and to understand. 

Figure 1. Using confidence intervals for making comparisons a) & b) Non- overlapping confidence intervals are considered as statistically significant c) Overlapping confidence intervals do not always indicate a difference that is not statistically significant

  • The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) is an official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in Wales and a National Statistic. It identifies areas with the highest concentrations of deprivation. Ranking these areas, and dividing them into five equally sized groups produces fifths of deprivation.For all national level analysis and most of the analysis at health board and local authority, fifths are calculated at the Wales level (national fifths). There are some indicators where local fifths are used, specifically the life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Local fifths differ from the national fifths in that the five equal bands of deprivation are recalculated just for the small areas within each health board and local authority boundary, rather than inheriting the national fifths. This is useful for a more localised approach to producing health expectancies.
  • Revised European Standard Population 2013 is a hypothetical population structure used in the weighting of mortality or incidence data to produce age-standardised rates (ASR’s).
  • National Indicators (NI) represent the outcomes for Wales, demonstrating progress towards seven well-being goals. There are 50 NI’s in total, ten are reported in the Public Health Outcomes Framework.

Useful links:

Other UK / international statistics

Across the UK nations there are similar tools to the Welsh Public Health Outcomes Framework, none of which are wholly comparable.

In England, the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) is made up of four domains and is produced by the Office for Health Improvement & Disparities. The domains making up the English PHOF include wider determinants, health improvement, health protection and healthcare and premature mortality. Almost 200 indicators populate the domains, most, but not all differ from those presented in the Welsh version.

Northern Ireland don’t produce a Public Health Outcomes Framework. However, they have developed a Public Health strategy called ‘Making Life Better a whole system strategic framework for Public Health’. The strategy is broken into six themes, including ‘giving every child the best start, equipped throughout life, empowering healthy living, creating the conditions, empowering communities and developing collaboration.

Scotland don’t produce a Public Health Outcomes Framework, however Public Health Scotland and its predecessor bodies have adopted outcome planning approaches across national policy and as such have produced National Performance Framework and National health wellbeing and outcomes framework, both include public health outcome indicators.

Glossary

  • APS (Annual Population Survey – managed by ONS)                    
  • CDSC (Public Health Wales Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre)         
  • CMP (Child Measurement Programme – managed by Digital Health Care Wales)
  • DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – managed by WG)
  • DHCW (Digital Health and Care Wales)   
  • DWP (Department for Work and Pensions)    
  • FPF (Foundation Phase Framework – managed by Welsh Government)  
  • HBMD (Health Board Maternity Dataset – managed by DCHW)                        
  • HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study)                       
  • HLCC (Hazards and licences data collection – managed by Welsh Government)
  • HMRC (HM Revenue and Customs)
  • LFS (Labour Force Survey – managed by ONS)                            
  • NCCHD (National Community Child Health Database, managed by DHCW)         
  • NSW (National Survey Wales – managed by Welsh Government)                     
  • ONS (Office for National Statistics)                     
  • PEDW (Patient Episode Database Wales – managed by DHCW)                       
  • PHM (Public Health Mortality – managed by ONS)                        
  • SHRN (School Health Research Network)                          
  • SW (StatsWales – managed by Welsh Government)                    
  • VPDP (Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme – managed by CDSC)
  • WDS (Welsh Dental Survey – managed by Welsh Oral Health Information Unit)
  • WED (Welsh Examinations Database – managed by Welsh Government)